Three Rivers Optical Essay Example

Three Rivers Optical Paper Executive Summary Three Rivers Optical is a company located in Pittsburgh which supplies lenses to the ophthalmic community. Steve Siebert, CEO and head of marketing faces different challenges on deciding if he should keep trade shows he has been doing as sales have not been proficient enough, and whether he should invest in new trade show to grow TRO’s market share. Steve’s plan is to invest into different states such as California and Michigan in the next five years. As TRO is moving towards the west, it needs to invest in trade shows International Vision Expo West and Midwest Vision Conference Expo. Trade shows are a very important investment in the eyes of TRO since they generate sales, and more importantly attract new accounts. Trade shows have to be used for brand recognition, and as a channel between the company, and its customers. Marketing trade shows through direct mail, mails, and advertising is very important to reach customers that do not know TRO’s product, and to reach actual customers for new product introductions. To follow up with trade shows, TRO needs to outsource its salespeople, and reduce its budget on SECO, and International Vision Expo east Today, marketing is â€Å"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (AMA. ) Three Rivers Optical has been trying to grow its business through trade shows. Three Rivers Optical is a family-owned business located in Pittsburgh and was created in 1969. TRO is a lab supplying lenses for opticians, optometrists, and ophthalmologists and has been ranked among the 25 leading manufacturer of optical laboratories in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Rivers Optical specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Three Rivers Optical specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Three Rivers Optical specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Steve Siebert, CEO and head of marketing, is facing a problem which many companies are facing today which is how to grab more shares in the market a company is in. Based on the geographical distribution of optical good stores, do Steve’s plans for growth make sense? In the next five years, Steve’s plans for growth are to be in western Ohio, Indiana, and south and central Michigan. When TRO has enough accounts to be profitable in those geographical areas, Steve wants to move to Denver, and end in California. Using data from the case, it shows that California, Michigan, and Ohio are ranked top 10 in sales for optical goods stores. The advantage TRO has on his competitors are it is recognized leader in the industry, and has been selected Transition Lab of the Year and honored by the Optical Lab Association as one of the top 25 labs in the country. Based on geographical distribution of optical good stores, Steve’s plans for growth do make sense. He is aiming growth in profitable states. On the other hand, Steve’s plans should include states that are actually closer to him, and that are, as well, ranked in the top 10 in sales such as New-York, and Illinois. Are trade shows a viable option to generate sales, sales leads, and new customer accounts? If so, in which shows should he invest? Trade shows are a viable option to generate sales as it is an excellent way to find new accounts to help TRO grow. According to a study conducted by the Center for Exhibition Industry Research (CEIR), â€Å"86% of show attendees were the decision-maker or influenced buying decisions, and 85% had not been called on by a salesperson before the show† (Entrepreneur. com. ) Dwyer, F. Robert, Tanner, John, F. ,Trade say that â€Å"shows are ranked second to advertising in terms of the marketing communication budget. Also, trade shows are great opportunities for TRO to converse, and create relationship with customers which will lead those to be potential buyers. TRO should invest in International Vision Expo West, and Midwest Vision Conference Expo because both of them are attended by the ophthalmic community, and they are located in the two regions TRO wants to expend its business to. Finally, if TRO wants to grow its business in the Midwes t, and in the west, he has to attend both trade shows to grab potential buyers,, and more importantly to make his brand known, and create relationship with new customers. For the shows TRO already does, what should the strategic plan be? What tactics should be included? TRO has to use different channels to engage current and potential customers. First, TRO has to understand which customer it wants to sell to, define its goals (sales, new accounts, etc.. ), and inform customers months before by the use of phone calls, direct mail, email or written invitations to invite, introduce, and attract current and new customers to come and visit TRO’s booth. Another way to engage new customers is by advertising in trade publication and newspapers about new product introduction, and for brand recognition. Very important strategic plan is to follow-up with the customer after the trade show. TRO might consider an alternative for its salespeople as it seems to be too expensive, and maybe look into outsourcing it. TRO needs more salespeople to follow-up, attract, and look for customers. Another recommendation might be to lower the budget for SECO and International Vision Expo East trade shows as they might have reached their full potential of sales, and keep the trade shows to maintain the brand image, inform and introduce new products, grab potential shares from competitors and keep the relationship with their actual customers. WORK CITED Dwyer, F. Robert, and John F. Tanner. Business marketing: connecting strategy, relationships, and learning. 4th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Print. Definition of Marketing American Marketing Association. Marketing Power American Marketing Association. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. http://www. marketingpower. com/AboutAMA/Pages/DefinitionofMarketing. aspx. Trade Shows Definition | Small Business Encyclopedia | Entrepreneur. com. Business Small Business | News, Advice, Strategy | Entrepreneur. com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. http://www. entrepreneur. com/encyclopedia/term/82542. html.

How nurses can advance in their careers if they dont want to be nurses forever

How nurses can advance in their careers if they dont want to be nurses forever Sometimes we get so focused on our current jobs that we forget to focus on â€Å"the big professional picture,† which includes our entire career arc- from start to finish. The truth is, we should always think about our professional lives as a journey rather than a single destination and have a plan for the next rungs on our career ladders while we give our best effort on our current step. This includes all of the nurses out there. While being a nurse is an important and satisfying job that demands a great deal of focus and attention, and also offers professional challenges and options, nurses should also devote some time towards thinking about their full career journeys- and whether or not they want to be nurses forever.It isn’t uncommon for someone who’s traveled deep (or not so deep) into a career path to start thinking about other paths- many people who are mid-stream in their careers start thinking about making changes, often in an effort to take on new chall enges, build new skills, and expand their horizons. We should never feel â€Å"locked into† a career path just because we’ve been at it for several years. Career satisfaction is an important concept to strive for, and if you’re experiencing professional fatigue, malaise, or burnout on the job, it may be a sign that you might want a change.The prospect of a major career change or overhaul can be a scary one, but here’s some good news for nurses who may be dealing with this- nurses often have a wealth of valuable, transferable skills that they could use effectively in a variety of professional settings and scenarios.Nurses build a wide array of key skills during their tenures that they can use to their advantage in other professional roles. They are typically adept at problem-solving, planning, and organization in a variety of high-pressure situations. They build and routinely demonstrate critical management and leadership skills, and are usually quite effe ctive at time management. In addition, the nature of their work helps them build key people skills- it’s no surprise to learn that nurses possess excellent communication and teamwork abilities, and also demonstrate empathy towards others. What’s more, the unpredictable nature of nursing helps nurses become adaptable and flexible in all sorts of situations. All of these skills are useful in careers across industries and fields- whether in nursing or beyond healthcare. Many nurses also choose to obtain an advanced nursing degree, which allows them to pursue other career opportunities beyond nursing but within healthcare. Areas of specialization include nurse anesthetists, nurse attorneys, nurse researchers, and nurse midwives.Here’s the bottom line- if you’re a nurse who’s considering a career change, there’s a lot to be optimistic about. You’re likely equipped with a wealth of valuable experience and transferable skills that will serve you well in whatever career path you choose to pursue. Good luck!

Spanish Phrases Using Sangre

Spanish Phrases Using Sangre Blood has long been a symbol of life, so it shouldnt come as a surprise that the Spanish word for blood, sangre, makes itself into a wide variety of phrases, many of which have little to do with blood in a literal sense. One such phrase - sangre azul, meaning blue blood - has even made its way into English in the form of blue-blooded. As a term referring to someone from higher social levels, the Spanish phrase originally referred to the visible blood veins of people with fair complexion. The following are some of the most common sangre phrases along with an example each of their usage. Alguien in these phrases means someone, while algo means something. Spanish Phrases Referring To Blood chuparle a alguien la sangre (literally, to suck the blood out of someone): to bleed someone dry. El sector pà ºblico es el drcula que chupa la sangre de este paà ­s. The public sector is the Dracula that is bleeding this country dry.helar la sangre (literally, to freeze the blood): to scare stiff, to curdle the blood. No es una gran pelà ­cula pero tiene un montà ³n de sustos y uno en concreto me helà ³ la sangre. It isnt a great film, but it has a ton of frightening moments and one of them in particular scared me spitless.No llegà ³ la sangre al rà ­o (literally, the blood didnt arrive at the river): Things didnt get all that bad. Pero no llegà ³ la sangre al rà ­o y con el paso de los meses, Federico volvià ³ a casa. But it didnt turn out all that bad, and with the passage of the months, Federico returned home.llevar algo en la sangre (literally, to carry something in the blood): to have something in ones blood. Mi hijo lleva la mà ºsica en la sangre. My son has music i n his blood.quemar la sangre a alguien (literally, to scald someones blood): to make someones blood boil; to cause someone to be extremely angry. Me quemaba la sangre cuando salà ­ del cine. My blood was boiling when I left the movie theater. (The verb encender can be used instead of quemar.) de sangre caliente: warm-blooded. Con algunas excepciones, todos los mamà ­feros y aves son de sangre caliente. With some exceptions, all mammals and birds are warm-blooded.de sangre frà ­a: cold-blooded. No se sabe si los pterosaurios eran animales de sangre frà ­a. It is unknown whether pterosaurs were cold-blooded animals.de sangre ligera (literally, thin-blooded): having a likable personality. Aquà ­ descubrir el espà ­ritu jovial de los habitantes, gente de sangre ligera que vive con una actitud positiva. Here you will discover the cheerful spirit of the inhabitants, a likable people who live with a positive attitude. (This term is used primarily in Central and South America. The opposite term is de sangre pesada.)sudar sangre: to sweat blood, to put forth an extraordinary effort. Te prometo que sudarà © sangre, si es necesario, para llevarte hacia mi lado. I promise you that I will sweat blood, if necessary, to bring you to my side.tener mala sangre (literally, to have ba d blood): to have bad intentions, to be evil. Se necesita tener mala sangre para crear un virus destructivo. You have to be malicious to create a destructive virus. tener sangre de horchata (literally, to have the blood of horchata, a beverage often made from almonds, rice or tiger nuts): to be extremely calm, to have no feelings, to have the blood of a turnip. Normalmente en este tipo de situaciones tiene sangre de horchata. Normally under these circumstances hes very calm. (In some regions, the word atole, a corn-based drink, is used.)no tener sangre en las venas. (literally, to not have blood in the veins): for someone to not have any life (usually used figuratively in reference to emotions). El que pueda permanecer imperturbable y no baile con esta seleccià ³n es porque no tiene sangre en las venas. Anyone who can just stay still and not dance to this piece doesnt have any life in him.

Asian Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Asian Management - Essay Example In this context, the management has to be reformed in order to meet the requirements set by the constantly changing environment. Currently, management presents two forms covering the needs of privatised sector and SOEs. Under these terms, SOEs are subjects either to the line system (depended on the central industrial ministry) or the block system (representing the local government institutions). As of the main industrial areas in which SEOs operate, the following ones can be used as an indicative sample: oil, telecommunications, aviation, power and steel. The role of the management team to the performance of the above organizations has been considered as significant, however the presence of particular elements (like the close dependency from the central government or the use of a highly bureaucratic system when applying the managerial plans in practice) often create a net of negative influences to the management’s daily operations. In the modern industrial and economic environment, governments not only ‘shape their countrys economy but also their culture and penetrate deeply into the dynamics of organizations’. Moreover (Tjosvold, 2002, 741) organizations must be understood ‘within their larger context, in particular in terms of their dependence on government’. In this context, facilitative governments are ‘supportive of independent organizations, operate through predictable laws and regulations, and are strong, whereas nonfacilitative governments are hostile, erratic, and weak; organization and management in the embrace of government shows that nonfacilitative governments require managers to accommodate to complex dependencies’. Particularly regarding China, managers in private companies, ‘unsure how to cope with many vague and contradictory laws, indicated that they were dependent upon the good graces of government officials more than established state-owned enter prises (SOEs)’. On the other hand it has been proved (Zhu, 1994, 1, 12)

Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Starbucks - Essay Example Each company faces problems and obstacles, even successful ones like Starbucks. One of the main challenges that Starbucks is facing is dealing with competitors. Coffee retailers are scattered all over the world in huge numbers. By involving thousands of shops operating in the coffee field, and as the competition increases, it makes the task more difficult for Starbucks to maintain its place. Also, the most obvious challenge that Starbucks is dealing with is the current financial crisis in America. Compared to other cafes prices, Starbucks is one of the most expensive cafà © shops in the world, and a number of consumers find the prices are exaggerated (Fellner 2010). A recent research made by a team of mystery coffee researchers shows that, the rates in Starbucks compared to Costa Cafà © and Cafà © Nero is the highest (Burks 2009). As seen on the graph above, Starbucks has experienced fluctuations in profit, starting from 2005 with a steady increase in the net income, and then it dropped down in 2008, decreasing the net profit from more than $600 million to less than $400 million. On the other hand, sales grew in 2010 getting the highest net income over the earlier 5 years. In 2010, Starbucks turned about 11% of its revenue into free cash flow (FCF). The company earned more than  £600 million cash on net income (Nadine 2008). Also, there has been a surprising increase in the company’s net income in the last year. In the third quarter of 2011, the income rose up to 33%, earning more than $880 million net income. Howard Shultz stated on July 11, 2006, "First and foremost I want to thank you for making Starbucks the $6.4 billion global company it is today, with more than 90,000 employees, 9,700 stores, and 33 million weekly customers." Taking the 33,000,000 weekly customers and dividing it by 7 you will get 4.7 million customers per day. Since that time Starbucks has added many, many new stores so

Microsoft PowerPoint Essay Example for Free

Microsoft PowerPoint Essay The development of add-ins into existing and established computer applications such as Microsoft’s PowerPoint is increasing use and function extending not only the longevity of programs but also software development and networking. The PowerPoint versions beginning with the 2003 edition have allowed for greater among Microsoft’s in-house as well as independent developers to create add-ins for various users that in effect has created UI’s unique for individual users (Wenzel, 2007). Majority of the add-ins that has been developed have focused on enhancing the visual appeal of PowerPoint such as animation, interactivity and media. The effort is seen to be motivated by the objective of making PowerPoint not just a basic or generalist presentation (Microsoft Office, 2007). Bridging between Microsoft programs is also evident since the add-ins do not only affect PowerPoint but also other Office programs as well as other non-Office programs such as Producer 2003 or independent programs produced by Macromedia, Java and even open source technology (Harrison, 2001; â€Å"Microsoft PowerPoint Add-Ins†, 2002). Thought there have also been efforts in developing add-ins to extend from the Microsoft platform, there are still significant security issues particularly regarding macros, language and technology copyrights. Overall, current developments in PowerPoint add-ins remain focused on UI development and visual development and functionality. Accesses to the program’s functions have not differed significantly except for the increased control over performance to afford shifting between desktop and mobile use (Wenzel, 2007). The strategy for the PowerPoint franchise is its ease of use and the remaining dominance of Microsoft operating systems as a platform. However, the add-ins are indication that other operating systems are being recognized and the need to be user-focused in development.

Sahara Desert Essay -- essays research papers fc

Sahara Desert The Sahara Desert is the world’s largest desert area. The word Sahara comes from the Arabic word sahra’, meaning desert. It extends from the Africa’s Atlantic Ocean side to the Red Sea and consists of the countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, and Sudan. It is about 5,200 miles long. Overall, the Sahara Desert covers 3,500,000 square miles. The geography of the desert is varied. In the west, the Sahara is rocky with varied elevation. It does contain underground rivers, which sometime penetrate the surface, resulting in oases. The central region of the Sahara has more elevation than the other areas, with peaks such as Emi Koussi and Tahat. Even though the area lacks rainfall, these peaks are snowcapped during the winter. The Eastern part of the Sahara, the Libyan Desert, is dry with very few oases. The Sahara's landscape features include shallow basins, large oasis depressions, gravel-covered plains, plateaus, and mountains, sand sheets, dunes and sand seas. Sand sheets and dunes cover over 25 percent of the Sahara’s surface. The most common types of dunes include tied dunes, blowout dunes, and transverse dunes. Within the Sahara are several pyramidal dunes that reach over 500 feet in height while others reach over 1,000 feet. Researchers have for many years tried to figure out how these dunes were formed, but the case remains unsolved. The boundaries, however, are not clearly defined and have been shifting for millennia. The Sahara was once a fertile area; millet was cultivated there over 8000 years ago. About 10,000 years ago, the Sahara was used as land for grazing in which elephants, giraffes and other animals thrived. It is estimated that in 4,000 B.C., the climate began to get drier. The fertile landscape dried up and the desert widened, creating the form that appears today. As conditions gradually became drier, however, and desertification set in, farmers abandoned their land and the animals migrated to other areas. The Sahara’s climate is very hot and dry. Although it is very hot during the day, it does become cold at night. On average, it only has 8 inches of rainfall per year. The Sahara's climate consists of b... ... whole, the Sahara is one of the harshest environments known to man. The majority of the people living in the Sahara Desert are nomads, which means that these people continuously move from region to region in search of better living conditions. It is believed that the first nomadic peoples came to this region after domestic animals were introduced to the Sahara 7,000 years ago. Evidence suggests that the Sahara accumulated diverse groups that quickly formed dense populations throughout the region. The majority of the groups lived separately, but depended on each other for trade. One of the main problems that are happening to the Sahara desert is the continuing development of the boundaries of the desert. This is known as desertification. As global warming continues to increase, the probability of more desert regions becoming bigger is more likely. Bibliography n.a. http://library.thinkquest.org/10898/sahara.htm. â€Å"Sahara Desert† ThinkQuest 1998. n.a. http://library.advanced.org/~16645/the_land/saha_cl.shtml â€Å"People and Places: Sahara Desert† 1998. "Sahara," Microsoft ® Encarta ® 97 Encyclopedia.  © 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation.

How do bacteria affect human lives? Essay

Bacteria interact and are a constant in our day to day lives, perhaps more than suspected. Bacteria are often thought of as bad, however this is untrue, there is also many types of ‘good’ bacteria. ‘Good’ bacteria can benefit us by simply helping our digestive system work and helping us in the process of fermentation. Bacteria are extremely helpful in the production of many things such as fuel and medicine. But bacteria directly affect our production of food which, therefore, directly affects us. Without bacteria we wouldn’t have things like; cheese, sour cream and yoghurt. Bacteria are extremely helpful in the dairy industry as it works within food as a decomposer. Bacteria is needed in cheese as a starter culture, the culture grows in the milk, converting the sugar, lactose, into lactic acid giving the cheese the correct amount of moisture and the correct acidity. Cultures are also used in yoghurt, where it does a similar job as the one done in cheese. The culture is responsible for its taste, texture and once more, its acidity. The viscosity of the yoghurt is determined by its quantity of polysaccharide chains. Food products other than dairy which use bacteria in their production are; wine, dried meats and health food industries, where yeast, lactic bacteria and starter cultures are used. Bacteria doesn’t stop helping us with food there, some bacteria defend against harmful bacteria and aid digestion. These are all examples of bacteria benefiting human life. Bacteria even help destroy toxins and help the immune system mature (1)! However they’re bad bacteria often found in foods, products like milk can contain less beneficial bacteria which can be harmful. Most bacteria in milk comes from the skin of the cow and in production, however healthy cows equal less bacteria. This means in third world countries such as Uganda, where they often use unhealthy cows and goats as their main source of milk, more bacteria is likely to be within the milk making some ill and passing on disease. In places such as Britain, the milk goes through many processes making sure all or most harmful bact eria have been removed. An example of when bacteria are really not that beneficial to our lives is  disease causing bacteria. Bacterial pathogens can cause things like salmonella (food poisoning). Bacteria can also cause diseases like Cholera. Cholera is a huge killer, killing 120,000 a year and making many others extremely sick. Its bacterium is Vibrio Cholerae which is often killed by acidic conditions in the stomach, where the hydrochloric acid and digestive juice stay. Vibrio Cholerae is often taken in to the body through the ingestion of water contaminated with faecal matter containing the pathogen and rarely the ingestion of food, also containing faecal matter with the pathogen. Carriers then carry the pathogen; therefore it is able to spread making it very deadly. Unfortunately, cholera has few or no symptoms, so it is hard to tell if someone has Cholera meaning it sometimes spreads unnoticed. A symptom which can be linked with cholera is diarrhoea, meaning many carriers are often left being severely dehydrated. The amount of deaths that Cholera causes really reflects on how much this disease affects our lives. In 2010 and 2011, certain areas went through the major cholera epidemics, these were; Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Central Africa and the Pacific region with Papua New Guinea. The major cholera epidemic started in Haiti in October 2010, and it also affected its close neighbouring country, the Dominican Republic. At the end of 2011 (when the outbreak was still ongoing) there were 522,335 cases of cholera and 7001 deaths had been reported by the 25th of December in Haiti (2). Another example of bacteria benefiting us is bacterial vaccines. Bacterial vaccines are full of killed or attenuated bacteria. It seems crazy to inject bacteria which cause very harmful diseases into the body; however since they are dead they are not able to harm the body. But they do activate the immune system as it recognises it as foreign so it has to attack the bacteria. The immune system starts to produce antibodies for that particular bacteria and these build up and build up until there is enough to destroy the bacteria, this bacteria and antibody is then are remembered by memory cells meaning that next time they are infected with that bacteria the immune system instantly recognises the bacteria therefore killing it straight away, preventing the disease and preventing the same bacterial infection later. One example of a bacterial vaccine is the Tuberculosis vaccine (3). The BCG vaccine is the most common vaccine. It gets to over 80% of all new born  children in the countries which are part of the national childhood immunisation programme. In 2011, in the countries who were hoping to vaccinate each and every child, the levels of use of the vaccine ranged from 53% in Equatorial Guinea and 54% in Ethiopia, to more than a much larger 99.5% in India and China, two largely expanding countries (4). The increase of vaccinations in poorer areas of the world has lead to a much higher life expectancy, greatly affecting our lives. Bacteria are majorly affecting every single one of us in our lives, from common colds or to making cheese. The ‘good’ and ‘bad’ bacteria help and harm us. Overall, bacteria affects our lives more than any other and are highly beneficial and dangerous. References (1) – http://www.effca.org/content/bacteria-food-production (2) – http://www.who.int/gho/epidemic_diseases/cholera/epidemics/en/ (3) – http://www.drugs.com/drug-class/bacterial-vaccines.html (4) – http://www.tbfacts.org/bcg-tb-vaccine.html (5)

Education and Edutainment Essay

The idea that learning can be fun, and fun can promote learning, is transforming attractions that once saw themselves as primarily either education- or entertainment-oriented. It’s even spawned a new word: edutainment. The American Heritage Dictionary defines edutainment as â€Å"the act of learning through a medium that both educates and entertains.† In that definition, learning is the key element. We’d suggest that when applied to the location-based entertainment (LBE) industry, the emphasis is switched. We define LBE edutainment as â€Å"events, programs and attractions where the entertainment qualities are the primary draw, with the learning or education being a byproduct.† We see edutainment as any entertainment that also delivers educational content in an entertainment format. It consists of two equally important parts: the format (entertainment) and the message/content (education). Our research indicates the first use of the word edutainment was for educationally oriented CD-ROM games used to teach children in an entertaining way. As best we can determine, our company was the first to apply the word in the LBE industry to describe the children’s play & discovery centers we starting producing for our clients in the mid-’90s, which we called ‘children’s edutainment centers.’ The articles we authored about edutainment centers published in industry magazines during the late ’90s imbedded the term into the industry’s lexicon. Given a choice between just education, just entertainment, or a combination of the two, more LBE guests prefer the two-fer. A couple of examples: One survey of videogame manufacturers and designers found that they believe that a game with up to 50% educational content will still be perceived as entertainment. And many informal learning institutions like zoos, museums and botanical gardens are adding entertainment elements to their offerings in recognition of the greater appeal of this combination.

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder It is normal to experience mood changes throughout the day. In high mood, one may feel happy and energized while in low mood one may feel sad and inactive. To a normal person, the mood changes do not get out of control; one is able to have a balance between the high and low moods.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Treatment of Bipolar Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unlike normal people, people with Bipolar disorder experience extreme and sustaining mood changes that interfere with their lives (Smith, Segal and Segal par 3). The extreme mood swings experienced by Bipolar disorder patients lead to severe psychological distress that makes it impossible for the patients to lead normal lives. Also referred to as Manic Depression or Bipolar Affective Disorder, Bipolar disorder is categorized as one of the serious mood disorders. The mood disorder is characterized by extremely high (manic or hypomanic) and unusual depression states that last for days or weeks. Bipolar disorder can lead to very severe effects if not treated. Mood swings resulting from the disorder can affect school or job performance, break relationships or even lead to suicide. Pharmacotherapy and psychological therapy are the treatment options that are found to be most effective with Bipolar disorder patients. As aforementioned, Bipolar disorder has great effects on normal functioning of the patients. The sad thing about Bipolar disorder is that it tends to be a life time problem and getting an effective treatment is a challenge. However, early diagnosis and treatment of the disorder lead to positive results. Use of medication is the common option for treating Bipolar disorder (Smith, Segal and Segal par 14). Medications referred to as ‘mood stabilizers’ are used to counter mood swings and reduce the symptoms of the disorder. Use of mood stabilizers for on a long-term basis is known to have positive res ults on Bipolar disorder patients. However, since patients respond differently to mood stabilizers, different medication should be tried in order to come up with the best combination for a particular patient (Sachs, et al. 9). For effective treatment, mood stabilizers are used with combination of antidepressants and anticonvulsants. The mood stabilizer that is found to be most effective with most Bipolar disorder patients is Lithium (Sachs, et al. 9). The mood stabilizer is used together with anticonvulsants such as Carbamazepine, Valproic acid and Lamotrigine. The effective combination of medications has to be used for a long time in order to prevent reoccurrence of the mood changes. Many Bipolar disorder patients however tend to default medication. It is therefore advisable for Bipolar disorder patients to continue with their medications even when they feel as if they are cured. Although medications provide the most immediate intervention to Bipolar disorder, they do not completel y cure the disorder but manage it. In addition to medications, a Bipolar disorder patient has to adopt a lifestyle that supports wellness.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though medications are the most obvious treatment option for Bipolar disorder, better results are attained when the patients receive psychotherapy alongside medications. Therapy helps Bipolar disorder patients to manage various issues resulting from the disorder, including affected self-esteem, work and relationship. Psychotherapy can also be of great help if a Bipolar disorder patient is struggling with other issues such as substance abuse. Considering that treatment for Bipolar disorder can continue for a long time, psychotherapy helps to keep the patient in medications and therefore increase chance for success. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Family-focused therapy and Interpersonal and social rh ythm therapy are the common psychotherapies with Bipolar disorder (Smith, Segal and Segal par 16). Cognitive-behavioral therapy is particularly helpful in helping a Bipolar disorder patient to manage symptoms. This type of therapy targets the thinking patterns of a patient and can help Bipolar disorder patients to avoid triggering the symptoms through their thinking patterns. Interpersonal therapy is very important to a Bipolar disorder patient. The psychological therapy helps Bipolar disorder patients to manage their relationships, which could be highly affected by the mood disorder. Interpersonal therapy also helps the patients to manage stress and therefore reduce occurrence of the symptoms. Considering that Bipolar disorder affect biological rhythms, social rhythm therapy can be of great help to Bipolar disorder patients. In addition to the above mentioned therapies, family focused therapy can be incorporated in treatment of Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder affects not only th e patient but also other family members living with the patient. Family focused therapy helps in addressing the effects of the disorder to the family and therefore helps to create a strong support system for the patient. Bipolar disorder is among the severe mood disorders. Apart from affecting the normal functioning of the patients, Bipolar disorder can have severe effects on a patient’s relationships or even lead to suicide. For better results, a Bipolar disorder patient should seek early treatment. Medications and psychological therapy are the main treatment options for Bipolar disorder. Mood stabilizers such as lithium are effective in treating the disorder. The mood stabilizers are used together with anticonvulsants and antidepressants in order to achieve the better result. In addition to medications, psychotherapy is used to achieve the best result. Therapies such cognitive therapy, family-focused therapy and interpersonal therapy help in managing symptoms and helping th e patients to live well in spite of their suffering. Sachs, Gary, David Printz, David Kahn, Daniel Carpenter and John Docherty. The Expert Consensus Guideline Series Medication Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. Apr. 2000. 22 Nov. 2010. https://www.psychguides.com/bipolar/Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Treatment of Bipolar Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Smith, Melinda, Jeanne Segal and Robert Segal. Treatment for Bipolar Disorder: Getting Help and Choosing Treatments. Nov. 2010. 22 Nov. 2010. https://www.helpguide.org/

Important Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement

Important Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement Founded in 1924 by writer and poet Andrà © Breton, the Surrealist group was comprised of artists whom Breton had handpicked. However, the movements ideas, which focused on exposing the subconscious through exercises like automatic drawing, were not contained to the select few whom Breton capriciously favored or shunned. Its influence was worldwide and found its strongest outposts in Mexico, the United States, Europe, and Northern Africa. Due to Surrealism’s reputation as a male discipline, female artists are often written out of its story. Yet the work of these five female artists upends the traditional narrative about Surrealism’s focus on objectifying the female body, and their participation in the movement is testament to the fact that the Surrealist ethos was more expansive than art history has previously assumed. Leonor Fini Leonor Fini was born in Argentina in 1907, but she spent her youth in Trieste, Italy after her mother fled an unhappy marriage to Fini’s father. As an adult, Fini became well-acquainted with the Surrealist group in Paris, befriending figures such as Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. Her work was exhibited in MoMA’s seminal 1937 â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† show. Fini was taken by the idea of the androgyne, with which she identified. Her lifestyle was in keeping with her unconventional approach to gender, as she lived in a menagetrois with two men for over forty years. She spent summers in a rundown castle on Corsica, where she gave elaborate costume parties, for which her guests would plan for months. Leonor Fini with one of her paintings. Francis Apesteguy/Getty Images Finis work often featured female protagonists in positions of dominance. She illustrated erotic fiction and designed costumes for her friends’ plays. She would also design her own costumes for social events. Her often over-the-top self image was photographed by some of the era’s most well known photographers, including Carl van Vechten. Perhaps Fini’s greatest commercial success was in designing the perfume bottle for Elsa Schiaparellis â€Å"Shocking† perfume. The bottle was made to look like the naked torso of a woman; the design has been mimicked for decades. Dorothea Tanning Dorothea Tanning was born in 1911 and grew up in Galesburg, Illinois, the daughter of Swedish immigrants. Stifled by a strict childhood, the young Tanning escaped into literature, becoming acquainted with the world of European arts and letters through books. Confident that she was destined to become an artist, Tanning dropped out of the Art Institute of Chicago in favor of living in New York. MoMA’s 1937 â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† cemented her commitment to Surrealism. It was not until years later that she became close to some of its key characters, when many moved to New York to escape the growing hostility in Europe due to the Second World War. Portrait of Dorothea Tanning, 1955.   Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images When visiting Tanning’s studio on behalf of his wife Peggy Guggenheim’s â€Å"Art of this Century† Gallery, Max Ernst met Tanning and was impressed with her work. They became fast friends, and eventually married in 1946, after Ernst had divorced Guggenheim. The couple moved to Sedona, Arizona and lived among a cohort of fellow Surrealists. Tanning’s output was varied, as her career spanned around eighty years. Although she is perhaps best known for her paintings, Tanning also turned to costume design, sculpture, prose, and poetry. She has a large body of work consisting of plush humanoid sculptures, which she was known to use in installations throughout the 1970s. She died in 2012 at age 101. Leonora Carrington Leonora Carrington was born in the United Kingdom in 1917. She briefly attended the Chelsea School of Art, then transferred to Londons Ozenfant Academy of Fine Arts. She met Max Ernst in her early twenties and soon moved with him to the south of France. Ernst was arrested by the French authorities for being a hostile alien and later by the Nazis for producing degenerate art. Carrington suffered a nervous breakdown and was hospitalized at an asylum in Spain. Her only means of escape was to marry, so she married a Mexican diplomat and left for the United States, where she was reunited with many of the Surrealists in exile in New York. She soon moved to Mexico, where she helped to found the Womens Liberation Movement and ultimately spent the rest of her life. Carringtons work centers on symbols of mysticism and sorcery, and often deals with significant recurring images. Carrington also wrote fiction, including The Hearing Trumpet (1976), for which she is best known. Sculpture by Leonora Carrington in Mexico City.    Meret Oppenheim Swiss artist Meret Oppenheim was born in Berlin in 1913. At the outbreak of the First World War, her family moved to Switzerland, where she began to study art before moving to Paris. It was in Paris that she became acquainted with the Surrealist circle. She knew Andrà © Breton, was briefly romantically involved with Max Ernst, and modeled for Man Ray’s photographs. Oppenheim was best known for her assemblage sculpture, which brought together disparate found objects in order to make a point. She is most famous for her Dà ©jeuner en Fourrure also called Objet, a teacup lined in fur, which was exhibited at MoMA’s â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† and was reportedly the first addition to the collection of the Museum of Modern Art by a woman. Objet became an icon of the Surrealist movement, and though it is responsible for Oppenheim’s fame, its success has often overshadowed her other extensive work, which includes painting, sculpture, and jewelry. Though she was crippled by the early success of Objet, Oppenheim began to work again in the 1950s, after several decades. Her work ËÅ"has been the subject of numerous retrospectives around the world. Often addressing themes of female sexuality, Oppenheim’s work remains an important touchstone for understanding Surrealism as a whole. Dora Maar Dora Maar was a French Surrealist photographer. She is perhaps most famous for her photograph Pà ¨re Ubu, a closeup of an armadillo, which became an iconic image for Surrealism after it was exhibited at the International Surrealist Exhibition in London. Maars career has been overshadowed by her relationship with Pablo Picasso, who used her as muse and model for many of his paintings (most notably his â€Å"Weeping Woman† series). Picasso convinced Maar to close her photography studio, which effectively ended her career, as she was unable to revive her former reputation. However, a significant retrospective of Maars work will open at the Tate Modern in the fall of 2019. Photographs by Dora Maar of her lover, Pablo Picasso.   Getty Images Sources Alexandrian S.  Surrealist Art. London: Thames Hudson; 2007.Blumberg N. Meret Oppenheim. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Meret-Oppenheim.Crawford A. A Look Back at the Artist Dora Maar. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/pro_art_article-180968395/. Published 2018.Leonora Carrington: National Museum of Women in the Arts. Nmwa.org. https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/leonora-carrington.Meret Oppenheim: National Museum of Women in the Arts. Nmwa.org. https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/meret-oppenheim.

Shawshank Redemption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shawshank Redemption - Essay Example In Shawshank Redemption, the major themes revolve around the power of intelligence, the power of friendship and the power of hope. In the movie, Shawshank redemption, one could appreciate how the power of intelligence becomes portrayed. The character Andy on arrival to Shawshank prison, asked his friend Red to help him procure a rock hammer, polishing cloth and a large poster of Rita Hayworth. Nobody actually knew the importance of these 3 things until one day when Andy made an escape to Mexico after boring a hole through the prison walls. In addition, it is via Andy’s intelligence after helping the prison guard with family and financial issues while working at the prison’s license plate factory that he managed to secure a job as a person who did their paper work. Just from that simple act of intelligence, Andy managed to secure a status where he became protected from the notorious prison gang called Sisters that used to molest him. In addition, through his intelligence , he manages to secure a place as the prison’s librarian and expands it more in a century. Through his association with the guards, he managed to do money laundering business ran by Norton. Andy therefore gained much reputation in prison and ultimately became the people’s hero as he escaped prison, leading to Norton giving up on the search and resigning. Intelligence has been demonstrated in many prison movies, for instance Prison Break. In Prison break for instance, the main character, Michael Scofield uses his wit in order to get his brother out of prison. Prison break is majorly a season that depicts how intelligence could be of great value in evading problematic situations. The character Andy could be likened to Michael Scofield in Prison Break as both used intelligence to break out of prison. In relation to the theme, in my past experience, I have been saved a lot by depicting some act of intelligence and highly appreciate its use in real life. In Shawshank Redemp tion, power of friendship remains a theme that gets depicted entirely in the film. Andy on arrival at Shawshank made friends with Red. It is via the friendship that Andy managed to secure the very items that his used in plotting his escape. Andy asked Red to secure for him a rock hammer, polishing cloth and a poster of Rita Hayworth. If not for being friends, Red would not have secured these items for Andy. In addition, Red always was present to talk and console Andy after being mishandled by the gang called Sisters. It is while working at the prison’s license plate factory, that Andy made a deal that saw his friends get 3 beers while working at that place. In addition, in gaining favor from the prison guards and Norton, Andy managed to have his friends protected too from the gangs that used to torment in mates. As a sign and gratitude to true friendship, Andy had earlier on told Red about the money and the key in the mountain rocks near the prison that eventually led Reds to joining him in Mexico. Red on being released some few years after Andy’s escape, one day went to the area where he was told he would find a key, but got more than he had hoped for, a true friend asking Red to join him in Mexico. The movie ends with Red being overjoyed about meeting his prison and lifelong prison. In relation to Prison Break, Michael Scofield, cared and treated his brother as a